PCR metoda u dijagnostici infekcija izazvanih virusom gripa (influenza A i B)
Influenca, u narodu poznata kao grip, je jedna od najčešćih bolesti uopšte. Javlja se u svim delovima sveta i izaziva oboljevanje ljudi tokom svih dvanaest meseci mada dominantno u zimskim mesecima. Izuzetno veliki medicinski problem kod oboljevanja starijih ljudi i osoba sa hroničnim nezaraznim oboljenjima kod kojih može izazvati takve komplikacije koje se mogu završiti smrtnim ishodom. Virusi gripa (ima ih tri tipa sa velikom brojem podtipova) imaju i tu osobinu da se mogu brzo prenositi među ljudima pa im je epidemijski potencijal vrlo visok. Obzirom na prenos putem vazduha, za kratko vreme se zarazi veliki broj ljudi . Brzo se prenosi i na velika rastojanja pa u određenim intervalima dobija karakter pandemijske bolesti. Simptomi oboljenja najčešće su vezani za respiratorne –disajne puteve. Izuzetno je važno i korisno prepoznati i dijagnostifikovati same početke širenja bolesti u populaciji jer se u tom slučaju mogu brzo preduzeti odgovarajuće protivepidemijske mere i time smanjiti pogubnost i opasnost od nastanka epidemije u populaciji. Najvrednija preventivna mera koja sprečava masovna oboljevanja u populaciji je adekvatna vakcinacija osetljivih populacija i grupa u periodu pred očekivanu sezonu epidemije. Krajem jeseni na našim prostorima izuzetno je važna brza detekcija povećane aktivnosti virusa gripa jer se time omogućava kontrola širenja virusa i samim tim sprečava nastanak prevelikog broja obolelih u kratkom vremenskom periodu koji zdravstveni sistem teško može da izdrži. Simptomi bolesti kod obolelih od gripa slični su simptomima obolelih od drugih respiratornih zaraznih bolesti . Iz tog razloga i zbog odabira adekvatne terapije , potrebno je što pre diferencijalno-dijagnostički odrediti o kom oboljenju odnosno uzročniku se tačno radi. PCR metoda dijagnostike vrlo precizno određuje o kojoj vrsti virusa kod obolelog se radi. Takodje se dijagnostikuje i tačan tip virusa ukoliko se radi o virusu gripa. Sve ovo daje mogućnost lekaru kliničaru za brzu i kauzalnu terapiju a epidemiolozima signal u kom pravcu i kada reagovati epidemiološkim merama. Zavod za javno zdravlje Čačak , sa svojom PCR laboratorijom , od početka 2024 godine u saradnji sa svim izabranim lekarima u domovima zdravlja i ambulantama Moravičkog okruga , prikuplja uzorke za analizu i odmah izveštava kolege o rezultatima analiza. Takodje, svi rezultati se postavljaju na portalu servisa javnog zdravlja Srbije i na osnovu svih se prati svakodnevno kretanje i aktivnost virusa gripa. Vidljivo je zadovoljstvo ovako izvršenim analizama i kod lekara kliničara ,koji brzo određuju metod lečenja i kod njihovih pacijenata i na kraju kod epidemiologa i čitavog zdravstvenog sistema. Dokaz za sve ovo je sve veći broj analiza i sve bolja saradnja nabrojanih aktera.
Kao direktor Zavoda za javno zdravlje, želim da izrazim zadovoljstvo i zahvalnost na donaciji moderne medicinske opreme za našu PCR laboratoriju, koja nam omogućava brzu i pouzdanu dijagnostiku različitih virusa. Ova oprema, donirana od strane Rotarija i USAID-a u partnerstvu, značajno je unapredila naše mogućnosti i efikasnost u detekciji virusa.
Posebno smo zahvalni na inicijativi Rotarija i USAID-a da sarađuju u poboljšanju uslova života i zaštiti zdravlja. Ovo partnerstvo ilustruje važnost zajedničkog rada na rešavanju izazova u javnom zdravlju i ističe vrednost kolektivnih napora u unapređenju zdravstvene zaštite.
Podrška i velikodušnost Rotarija i USAID-a nisu samo koristili našoj instituciji, već i široj zajednici, jer sada bolje možemo odgovoriti na zdravstvene pretnje i zaštititi dobrobit naših građana. Radujemo se nastavku ove saradnje i daljim koracima u unapređenju pružanja zdravstvene zaštite i ishoda lečenja.
Pozivamo sve građane da redovno obavljaju potrebne preglede kako bi sačuvali svoje zdravlje. Prevencija je ključna za očuvanje dobrog zdravlja, a redovni medicinski pregledi mogu otkriti potencijalne probleme u ranoj fazi, što omogućava efikasnije lečenje i smanjenje rizika od komplikacija. Vaše zdravlje je važno, zato ne zanemarujte redovne preglede i brinite o sebi.
Direktor Zavoda za јavno zdravlje Čačak dr Aksentije Tosic
„Ovaj članak je omogućen velikodušnom podrškom američkog naroda preko Agencije za međunarodni razvoj Sjedinjenih Američkih Država (USAID). Sadržaj je odgovornost Rotari kluba Čačak, Srbija i ne mora nužno odražavati stavove USAID-a ili Vlade Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.“
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Pcr method in diagnosis of infections caused by influenza virus (influenza A and B)
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is one of the most common diseases in general. It occurs in all parts of the world and causes illness in people during all twelve months, although dominantly in winter months. It is an extremely large medical problem in older people and people with chronic non-infectious diseases, where it can cause complications that can result in death. Flu viruses (there are three types with a large number of subtypes) also have the property of being able to spread quickly among people, so their epidemic potential is very high. Due to airborne transmission, a large number of people can be infected in a short time. It spreads quickly and over long distances, so at certain intervals, it takes on the character of a pandemic disease. Symptoms of the disease are most commonly related to the respiratory system. It is extremely important and useful to recognize and diagnose the beginnings of disease spread in the population because in that case, appropriate anti-epidemic measures can be taken quickly to reduce the fatality and danger of an epidemic occurring in the population. The most valuable preventive measure that prevents mass illnesses in the population is adequate vaccination of sensitive populations and groups before the expected epidemic season. At the end of autumn in our area, it is extremely important to quickly detect increased activity of the flu virus because it allows for control of virus spread and therefore prevents the occurrence of a large number of illnesses in a short time period that the health system would struggle to handle. Symptoms of the disease in patients with the flu are similar to symptoms of other respiratory infectious diseases. For this reason, and for choosing an appropriate therapy, it is necessary to quickly differentially-diagnostically determine which disease or causative agent is involved. PCR diagnostic method precisely determines which type of virus the patient is infected with. It also diagnoses the exact type of virus in case of the flu virus. All this provides the clinical doctor with the possibility of quick and causal therapy, and epidemiologists with a signal in which direction and when to react with epidemiological measures.
The Public Health Institute Čačak, with its PCR laboratory, has been collecting samples for analysis and immediately reporting results to colleagues in collaboration with all selected physicians in health centers and clinics in the Moravica district since the beginning of 2024. Also, all results are posted on the portal of the public health service of Serbia and based on all results, the daily movement and activity of the flu virus are monitored.
There is visible satisfaction with these analyses among clinical doctors, who quickly determine the method of treatment, among their patients, and finally among epidemiologists and the entire health system. The evidence for all this is the increasing number of analyses and the improving cooperation of the mentioned actors.
As the Director of the Public Health Institute, I am pleased to express our gratitude for the donation of modern medical equipment for our PCR Laboratory, which enables us to conduct rapid and reliable diagnostics of various viruses. This equipment, donated by Rotary and USAID in partnership, has significantly enhanced our capabilities and efficiency in virus detection.
We are particularly grateful for the initiative of Rotary and USAID to collaborate on improving living conditions and protecting health. This partnership exemplifies the importance of working together to address public health challenges and underscores the value of collective efforts in advancing healthcare.
The support and generosity of Rotary and USAID have not only benefitted our institution but also the broader community, as we are now better equipped to respond to health threats and safeguard the well-being of our citizens. We look forward to continuing this partnership and making further strides in improving healthcare delivery and outcomes.
We invite all citizens to undergo regular health screenings to preserve their well-being. Prevention is key to maintaining good health, and regular medical check-up can detect potential issues early, enabling more effective treatment and reducing the risk of complications. Your health is important, so do not neglect regular screenings and take care of yourself.
Director of the Public Health Institute
Dr Aksentije Tošić
“This article is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Rotary Club Cacak, Serbia and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.”
